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What is globalization?

Andrea Tamaro

This is not really an article. Ricopierò what is written in the book "Constitutional Law", Roberto Bin-John Pitruzzella, Giappichelli Editore, which seeks to provide a "simple" explanation of what globalization is (and how it works) and the relationship with the territory and sovereignty of the state. In this way, a discussion on this subject can be conducted with greater clarity.

"The weakening of control that in the current historical moment, the state exercises on its territory is related mostly to the success of what is called globalization, the creation of a global market in which the inputs are moved easily from one country to ' more.
the basis of economic globalization are mainly the following factors:

• technological progress in transport, which makes it easier and cheaper to move goods from one place to another;
• the "dematerialization" of traditional wealth, through the so-called "financial activities" of the economy, that increasingly is based on ownership and exchange of financial resources rather than material possessions;
• the increased strategic and economic importance of other "intangibles" such as knowledge and information;
• the development of information technology and the creation of electronic networks, which enable the rapid movement of information and capital across the planet;
• the development of flexible manufacturing systems, which enable companies to move quickly from one place to another or to allocate the various phases of production in different geographical areas (think of a few leading companies in clothing sector, which settled the design centers of the heads and marketing facilities that treat the heart of Europe, to use the best human resources in these areas where the processing takes place the garments in countries outside Europe where the cost labor is lower).

arising from the globalization of the many consequences. First, the most important resources, that is a financial capital, information and knowledge, which by their nature are not linked to the territory (it is said, therefore, that the economy is "deterritorialized"), moving from one place to another and therefore also from state to state, in search the most suitable place in which to stand, almost entirely escaped the control of public authorities. Second, states are increasingly influenced by decisions that are made outside their borders, but have significant effects within the territory of the state (think of the decision of large investors to make massive sales of debt securities result of a particular State, putting in the liquidity crisis, causing a rise in interest rates and the consequent increase in government debt, or think of the consequences, the price level, and therefore the rate of inflation, the decisions made by oil-producing countries or from large multinational corporations - these examples are the basis of the concepts of the course of economy NdT ). Third, it creates a competition among states to attract businesses and capital and, thus, to increase the wealth that exists and is produced in their territory. In fact, the speed and ease of movement of the main factors of production means that they will tend to allocate land in areas where they meet legal regulations, tax systems, government and the quality of human capital, thus making the task more convenient.

This means that states are faced with the choice of dry: either close their borders to trade with the outside, exposing the country at risk of impoverishment, or guarantee full freedom of movement of capital, goods and services, thus agreeing to comply with the logic of the global market and competition between land areas. But accession to the second option involves a certain reduction of the political choices allowed to the State. In fact, domestic and international operators are merging their capital in the territory of a State until there are sufficient prospects of gain, and that is not only convenient rules, availability of infrastructure, government efficiency, but also a tolerable tax burden, a healthy budget , the efficient use of public resources. The state is formally free adopt the policy direction it deems most appropriate, but basically he is forced to submit to the opinion of the market and, therefore, to follow political direction compatible with the requirements of international competition.

In conclusion, it is no longer true that the State has full sovereignty over its territory, as many of the constraints coming from international markets. "

For definitions of economic terms given in the case of needs, quickly find the book on economics.

This is globalization. Right? Wrong? I do not think we should reflect in these terms. It 's the way the economy has evolved, and as I have said and I think, if so, is because people are so chosen. You can criticize some of its aspects, of course. But should we remember, and this is indisputable, that the very globalizzazzione allows poor countries to grow. At a time when technological knowledge is moved, the poor countries can achieve and develop, so that differences from the wealthy assotiglino. This is also one of the many faces of globalization.